【附件:1776年7月4号，美国独立宣言】
托马斯·杰斐逊 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书 (wikipedia.org)
蒂莫西·马特拉克 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书 (wikipedia.org)
【附件:1789年8月26号，人权和公民权宣言】
Gilbert du Motier， Marquis de Lafayette - 维基百科，自由的百科全书 (wikipedia.org)
【附件:1948年12月，世界人权宣言】
René Cassin - 维基百科，自由的百科全书 (wikipedia.org)
The Declaration of Independence
独立宣言
IN CONGRESS, JULY 4, 1776
国会1776年7月4日
THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERAICA
美利坚合众国十三个州的一致宣言
When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws Nature and Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
在人类事务发展的过程中，当一个民族必须解除同另一个民族的联系，并按照自然法则和上帝的旨意，以独立平等的身份立于世界列国之林时，出于对人类舆论的尊重，必须把驱使他们独立的原因予以宣布。
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that they are among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among them, deriving their just power from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than t right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity, which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is usurpations, all having in direct object tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.
我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可让与的权利，其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。为了保障这些权利，人们才在他们中间建立政府，而政府的正当权利，则是经被统治者同意授予的。任何形式的政府一旦对这些目标的实现起破坏作用时，人民便有权予以更换或废除，以建立一个新的政府。新政府所依据的原则和组织其权利的方式，务使人民认为唯有这样才最有可能使他们获得安全和幸福。若真要审慎的来说，成立多年的政府是不应当由于无关紧要的和一时的原因而予以更换的。过去的一切经验都说明，任何苦难，只要尚能忍受，人类还是情愿忍受，也不想为申冤而废除他们久已习惯了的政府形式。然而，当始终追求同一目标的一系列滥用职权和强取豪夺的行为表明政府企图把人民至于专制暴政之下时，人民就有权也有义务去推翻这样的政府，并为其未来的安全提供新的保障。这就是这些殖民地过去忍受苦难的经过，也是他们现在不得不改变政府制度的原因。当今大不列颠王国的历史，就是屡屡伤害和掠夺这些殖民地的历史，其直接目标就是要在各州之上建立一个独裁暴政。为了证明上述句句属实，现将事实公诸于世，让公正的世人作出评判。
He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
他拒绝批准对公众利益最有益、最必需的法律。
He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend them.
他禁止他的殖民总督批准刻不容缓、极端重要的法律，要不就先行搁置这些法律直至征得他的同意，而这些法律被搁置以后，他又完全置之不理。
He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
他拒绝批准便利大地区人民的其他的法律，除非这些地区的人民情愿放弃自己在自己在立法机构中的代表权；而代表权对人民是无比珍贵的，只有暴君才畏惧它。
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
他把各州的立法委员召集到一个异乎寻常、极不舒适而有远离他们的档案库的地方去开会，其目的无非是使他们疲惫不堪，被迫就范。
He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasion on the rights of the people.
他一再解散各州的众议院，因为后者坚决反对他侵犯人民的权利。
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolution, to cause others to be elected ; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without and convulsion within.
他在解散众议院之后，又长期拒绝另选他人，于是这项不可剥夺的立法权便归由普通人民来行使，致使在这其间各州仍处于外敌入侵和内部骚乱的种种危险之中。
He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states; for that purpose obstructing the laws of naturalizing of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the condition of new appropriations of lands.
他力图阻止各州增加人口，为此目的，他阻挠外国人入籍法的通过，拒绝批准其他鼓励移民的法律，并提高分配新土地的条件。
He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent of laws for establishing judiciary powers.
他拒绝批准建立司法权利的法律，以阻挠司法的执行。
He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their office, and the amount and payment of their salary.
他迫使法官为了保住任期、薪金的数额和支付而置于他个人意志的支配之下。
He has erected a multitude of new officers, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat out our substances.
他滥设新官署，委派大批官员到这里骚扰我们的人民，吞噬他们的财物。
He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the consent of our legislatures.
他在和平时期，未经我们立法机构同意，就在我们中间维持其常备军。
He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power.
他施加影响，使军队独立于文官政权之外，并凌驾于文官政权之上。
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation.For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us;
他同他人勾结，把我们置于一种既不符合我们的法规也未经我们法律承认的管辖之下，而且还批准他们炮制的各种伪法案，以便任其在我们中间驻扎大批武装部队；
不论这些人对我们各州居民犯下何等严重的谋杀罪，他可用加审判来庇护他们，让他们逍遥法外；
For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world;
他可以切断我们同世界各地的贸易；
For imposing taxes on us without our consent;
未经我们同意便向我们强行征税；
For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury;
在许多案件中剥夺我们享有陪审制的权益；
For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offenses;
以莫须有的罪名把我们押送海外受审；
For abolishing the free systems of English laws in a neighboring Province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule these Colonies;
他在一个邻省废除了英国法律的自由制度，在那里建立专制政府，扩大其疆域，使其立即成为一个样板和合适的工具，以便向这里各殖民地推行同样的专制统治；
For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments;
他取消我们的许多特许状，废除我们最珍贵的法律并从根本上改变我们各州政府的形式；
For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
他终止我们立法机构行使权力，宣称他们自己拥有在任何情况下为我们制定法律的权力。
He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection and waging war against us.
他们放弃设在这里的政府，宣称我们已不属他们保护之列，并向我们发动战争。
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.
他在我们的海域里大肆掠夺，蹂躏我们的沿海地区，烧毁我们的城镇，残害我们人民的生命。
He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely parallel in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation.
他此时正在运送大批外国雇佣兵，来从事其制造死亡、荒凉和暴政的勾当，其残忍与卑劣从一开始就连最野蛮的时代也难以相比，他已完全不配当一个文明国家的元首。
He has constrained our fellow citizens taken captive on the high seas to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands.
他强迫我们在公海被他们俘虏的同胞拿起武器反对自己的国家，使他们成为残杀自己亲友的刽子手，或使他们死于自己亲友的手下。
He has excited domestic insurrection amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions.
他在我们中间煽动内乱，并竭力挑唆残酷无情的印地安蛮子来对付我们边疆的居民，而众所周知，印地安人作战的准则是不分男女老幼、是非曲直，格杀勿论。
In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms: our repeated petition have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
在遭受这些压迫的每一阶段，我们都曾以最谦卑的言辞吁请予以纠正。而我们一次又一次的情愿，却只是被报以一次又一次的伤害。一个君主，其品格被他的每一个只有暴君才干的出的行为所暴露时，就不配君临自由的人民。
Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpation, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our separation, and hold them., as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace friends.
我们并不是没有想到我们英国的弟兄。他们的立法机关想把无理的管辖权扩展到我们这里来，我们时常把这个企图通知他们。我们也曾把我们移民来这里和在这里定居的情况告诉他们。我们曾恳求他们天生的正义感和雅量，念在同种同宗的分上，弃绝这些掠夺行为，因为这些掠夺行为难免会使我们之间的关系和来往中断。可他们对这种正义和同宗的呼声也同样充耳不闻。因此，我们不得不宣布脱离他们，以对待世界上其他民族的态度对待他们：同我交战者，就是敌人；同我和好者，即为朋友。
We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled , appealing to the supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by authority of the good people of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United States Colonies and Independent States; that they are absolved by from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor.
因此我们这些在大陆会议上集会的美利坚合众国的代表们，以各殖民地善良人民的名义，并经他们授权，向世界最高裁判者申诉，说明我们的严重意向，同时郑重宣布：我们这些联合起来的殖民地现在是，而且按公理也应该是，独立自由的国家；我们对英国王室效忠的全部义务，我们与大不列颠王国之间大不列颠一切政治联系全部断绝，而且必须断绝。作为一个独立自由的国家，我们完全有权宣战、缔和、结盟、通商和采取独立国家有权采取的一切行动。我们坚定地信赖神明上帝的保佑，同时以我们的生命、财产和神圣的名誉彼此宣誓来支持这一宣言。
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen（1789）
法国1789人权宣言
The representatives of the French people， organized as a National Assembly， believing that the ignorance， neglect， or contempt of the rights of man are the sole cause of public calamities and of the corruption of governments， have determined to set forth in a solemn declaration the natural， unalienable， and sacred rights of man， in order that this declaration， being constantly before all the members of the Social body， shall remind them continually of their rights and duties； in order that the acts of the legislative power， as well as those of the executive power， may be compared at any moment with the objects and purposes of all political institutions and may thus be more respected， and， lastly， in order that the grievances of the citizens， based hereafter upon simple and incontestable principles， shall tend to the maintenance of the constitution and redound to the happiness of all.
组成国民议会之法国人代表认为 ， 无视 、 遗忘或蔑视人权是公众不幸和政府腐败的唯一原因 ， 所以决定把自然的 、 不可剥夺的和神圣的人权阐明于庄严的宣言之中 ， 以便本宣言可以经常呈现在社会各个成员之前 ， 使他们不断地想到他们的权利和义务 ； 以便立法权的决议和行政权的决定能随时和整个政治机构的目标两相比较 ， 从而能更加受到他们的尊重 ； 以便公民们今后以简单而无可争辩的原则为根据的那些要求能确保宪法与全体幸福之维护 。
Therefore the National Assembly recognizes and proclaims， in the presence and under the auspices of the Supreme Being， the following rights of man and of the citizen：
因此，国民议会在上帝面前并在他的庇护之下确认并宣布下述的人与公民的权利 。
Articles：
协议声明 :
1. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good.
第一条 在权利方面 ， 人们生来是而且始终是自由平等的 。 除了依据公共利益而出现的社会差别外 ， 其他社会差别 ， 一概不能成立 。
2. The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty， property， security， and resistance to oppression.
第二条 任何政治结合的目的都在于保护人的自然的和不可动摇的权利 。 这些权利即自由 、 财产 、 安全及反抗压迫 。
3. The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation. No body nor individual may exercise any authority which does not proceed directly from the nation.
第三条 整个主权的本原 ， 主要是寄托于国民 。 任何团体 、 任何个人都不得行使主权所未明白授予的权力 。
4. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else； hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only be determined by law.
第四条 自由就是指有权从事一切无害于他人的行为 。 因此 ， 各人的自然权利的行使 ， 只以保证社会上其他成员能享有同样权利为限制 。 此等限制仅得由法律规定之 。
5. Law can only prohibit such actions as are hurtful to society. Nothing may be prevented which is not forbidden by law， and no one may be forced to do anything not provided for by law.
第五条 法律仅有权禁止有害于社会的行为 。 凡未经法律禁止的行为即不得受到妨碍 ， 而且任何人都不得被迫从事法律所未规定的行为 。
6. Law is the expression of the general will. Every citizen has a right to participate personally， or through his representative， in its foundation. It must be the same for all， whether it protects or punishes. All citizens， being equal in the eyes of the law， are equally eligible to all dignities and to all public positions and occupations， according to their abilities， and without distinction except that of their virtues and talents.
第六条 法律是公共意识的表现 。 全国公民都有权亲身或经由其代表去参与法律的制定 。 法律对于所有的人 ， 无论是施行保护或处罚都是一样的 。 在法律面前 ， 所有的公民都是平等的 ， 故他们都能平等地按其能力担任一切官职 、 公共职位和职务 ， 除德行和才能上的差别外不得有其他差别 。
7. No person shall be accused， arrested， or imprisoned except in the cases and according to the forms prescribed by law. Any one soliciting， transmitting， executing， or causing to be executed， any arbitrary order， shall be punished. But any citizen summoned or arrested in virtue of the law shall submit without delay， as resistance constitutes an offense.
第七条 除非在法律所规定的情况下并按照法律所指示的手续 ， 不得控告 、 逮捕或拘留任何人 。 凡动议 、 发布 、 执行或令人执行专断命令者应受处罚 ； 但根据法律而被传唤或被扣押的公民应当立即服从 ； 抗拒则构成犯罪 。
8. The law shall provide for such punishments only as are strictly and obviously necessary， and no one shall suffer punishment except it be legally inflicted in virtue of a law passed and promulgated before the commission of the offense.
第八条 法律只应规定确实需要和显然不可少的刑罚 ， 而且除非根据在犯法前已经制定和公布的且系依法施行的法律以外 ， 不得处罚任何人 。
9. As all persons are held innocent until they shall have been declared guilty， if arrest shall be deemed indispensable， all harshness not essential to the securing of the prisoners person shall be severely repressed by law.
第九条 任何人在其未被宣告为犯罪以前应被推定为无罪 ， 即使认为必须予以逮捕 ， 但为扣留其人身所不需要的各种残酷行为都应受到法律的严厉制裁 。
10. No one shall be disquieted on account of his opinions， including his religious views， provided their manifestation does not disturb the public order established by law.
第十条 意见的发表只要不扰乱法律所规定的公共秩序 ， 任何人都不得因其意见 、 甚至信教的意见而遭受干涉 。
11. The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man. Every citizen may， accordingly， speak， write， and print with freedom， but shall be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as shall be defined by law.
第十一条 自由传达思想和意见是人类最宝贵的权利之一 ； 因此 ， 各个公民都有言论 、 著述和出版的自由 ， 但在法律所规定的情况下 ， 应对滥用此项自由负担责任 。
12. The security of the rights of man and of the citizen requires public military forces. These forces are， therefore， established for the good of all and not for the personal advantage of those to whom they shall be intrusted.
第十二条 人权的保障需要有武装的力量 ； 因此 ， 这种力量是为了全体的利益而不是为了此种力量的受任人的个人利益而设立的 。
13. A common contribution is essential for the maintenance of the public forces and for the cost of administration. This should be equitably distributed among all the citizens in proportion to their means.
第十三条 为了武装力量的维持和行政管理的支出 ， 公共赋税就成为必不可少的 ； 赋税应在全体公民之间按其能力作平等的分摊 。
14. All the citizens have a right to decide， either personally or by their representatives， as to the necessity of the public contribution； to grant this freely； to know to what uses it is put； and to fix the proportion， the mode of assessment and of collection and the duration of the taxes.
第十四条 所有公民都有权亲身或由其代表来确定赋税的必要性 ， 自由地加以认可 ， 注意其用途 ， 决定税额 、 税率 、 客体 、 征收方式和时期 。
15. Society has the right to require of every public agent an account of his administration.
第十五条 社会有权要求机关公务人员报告其工作 。
16. A society in which the observance of the law is not assured， nor the separation of powers defined， has no constitution at all.
第十六条 凡个人权利无切实保障和分权未确立的社会 ， 就没有宪法 。
17. Since property is an inviolable and sacred right， no one shall be deprived thereof except where public necessity， legally determined， shall clearly demand it， and then only on condition that the owner shall have been previously and equitably indemnified.
第十七条 私人财产神圣不可侵犯 ， 除非当合法认定的公共需要所显然必需时 ， 且在公平而预先赔偿的条件下 ， 任何人的财产不得受到剥夺 。
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
世界人权宣言
Preamble
序 言
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
鉴于对人类家庭所有成员的固有尊严及其平等的和不移的权利的承认 ， 乃是世界自由 、 正义与和平的基础 ，
Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,
鉴于对人权的无视和侮蔑已发展为野蛮暴行 ， 这些暴行玷污了人类的良心 ， 而一个人人享有言论和信仰自由并免予恐惧和匮乏的世界的来临 ， 已被宣布为普通人民的最高愿望 ，
Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,
鉴于为使人类不致迫不得已铤而走险对暴政和压迫进行反叛 ， 有必要使人权受法治的保护 ，
Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,
鉴于有必要促进各国间友好关系的发展 ，
Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,
鉴于各联合国国家的人民已在联合国宪章中重申他们对基本人权 、 人格尊严和价值以及男女平等权利的信念 ， 并决心促成较大自由中的社会进步和生活水平的改善 ，
Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,
鉴于各会员国业已誓愿同联合国合作以促进对人权和基本自由的普遍尊重和遵行 ，
Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,
鉴于对这些权利和自由的普遍了解对于这个誓愿的充分实现具有很大的重要性 ，
Now, therefore,The General Assembly,
因此现在 ， 大会 ，
Proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.
发布这一世界人权宣言 ， 作为所有人民和所有国家努力实现的共同标准 ， 以期每一个人和社会机构经常铭念本宣言 ， 努力通过教诲和教育促进对权利和自由的尊重 ， 并通过国家的和国际的渐进措施 ， 使这些权利和自由在各会员国本身人民及在其管辖下领土的人民中得到普遍和有效的承认和遵行 。
Article 1
第一条
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
人人生而自由 ， 在尊严和权利上一律平等 。 他们赋有理性和良心 ， 并应以兄弟关系的精神相对待 。
Article 2
第二条
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
人人有资格享有本宣言所载的一切权利和自由 ， 不分种族 、 肤色 、 性别 、 语言 、 宗教 、 政治或其他见解 、 国籍或社会出身 、 财产 、 出生或其他身分等任何区别 。
Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
并且不得因一人所属的国家或领土的政治的 、 行政的或者国际的地位之不同而有所区别 ， 无论该领土是独立领土 、 托管领土 、 非自治领土或者处于其他任何主权受限制的情况之下 。
Article 3
第三条
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
人人有权享有生命 、 自由和人身安全 。
Article 4
第四条
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
任何人不得使为奴隶或奴役 ； 一切形式的奴隶制度和奴隶买卖 ， 均应予以禁止 。
Article 5
第五条
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
任何人不得加以酷刑 , 或施以残忍的 、 不人道的或侮辱性的待遇或刑罚 。
Article 6
第六条
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
人人在任何地方有权被承认在法律前的人格 。
Article 7
第七条
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
法律之前人人平等 , 并有权享受法律的平等保护 , 不受任何歧视 。 人人有权享受平等保护 , 以免受违反本宣言的任何歧视行为以及煽动这种歧视的任何行为之害 。
Article 8
第八条
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.
任何人当宪法或法律所赋予他的基本权利遭受侵害时 , 有权由合格的国家法庭对这种侵害行为作有效的补救 。
Article 9
第九条
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
任何人不得加以任意逮捕 、 拘禁或放逐 。
Article 10
第十条
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
人人完全平等地有权由一个独立而无偏倚的法庭进行公正的和公开的审讯 , 以确定他的权利和义务并判定对他提出的任何刑事指控 。
Article 11
第十一条
1. Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
㈠ 凡受刑事控告者 , 在未经获得辩护上所需的一切保证的公开审判而依法证实有罪以前 , 有权被视为无罪 。
2. No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.
㈡ 任何人的任何行为或不行为 , 在其发生时依国家法或国际法均不构成刑事罪者 , 不得被判为犯有刑事罪 。 刑罚不得重于犯罪时适用的法律规定 。
Article 12
第十二条
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
任何人的私生活 、 家庭 、 住宅和通信不得任意干涉 , 他的荣誉和名誉不得加以攻击 。 人人有权享受法律保护 , 以免受这种干涉或攻击 。
Article 13
第十三条
1. Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State.
㈠ 人人在各国境内有权自由迁徙和居住 。
2. Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.
㈡ 人人有权离开任何国家 , 包括其本国在内 , 并有权返回他的国家 。
Article 14
第十四条
1. Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.
㈠ 人人有权在其他国家寻求和享受庇护以避免迫害 。
2. This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
㈡ 在真正由于非政治性的罪行或违背联合国的宗旨和原则的行为而被起诉的情况下 , 不得援用此种权利 。
Article 15
第十五条
1. Everyone has the right to a nationality.
㈠ 人人有权享有国籍 。
2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.
㈡ 任何人的国籍不得任意剥夺 , 亦不得否认其改变国籍的权利 。
Article 16
第十六条
1. Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
㈠ 成年男女 , 不受种族 、 国籍或宗教的任何限制有权婚嫁和成立家庭 。 他们在婚姻方面 , 在结婚期间和在解除婚约时 , 应有平等的权利 。
2. Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.
㈡ 只有经男女双方的自由和完全的同意 , 才能缔婚 。
3. The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
㈢ 家庭是天然的和基本的社会单元 , 并应受社会和国家的保护 。
Article 17
第十七条
1. Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
㈠ 人人得有单独的财产所有权以及同他人合有的所有权 。
2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
㈡ 任何人的财产不得任意剥夺 。
Article 18
第十八条
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
人人有思想 、 良心和宗教自由的权利 ; 此项权利包括改变他的宗教或信仰的自由 , 以及单独或集体 、 公开或秘密地以教义 、 实践 、 礼拜和戒律表示他的宗教或信仰的自由 。
Article 19
第十九条
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
人人有权享有主张和发表意见的自由 ; 此项权利包括持有主张而不受干涉的自由 , 和通过任何媒介和不论国界寻求 、 接受和传递消息和思想的自由 。
Article 20
第二十条
1. Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
㈠ 人人有权享有和平集会和结社的自由 。
2. No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
㈡ 任何人不得迫使隶属于某一团体 。
Article 21
第二十一条
1. Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
㈠ 人人有直接或通过自由选择的代表参与治理本国的权利 。
2. Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country.
㈡ 人人有平等机会参加本国公务的权利 。
3. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.
㈢ 人民的意志是政府权力的基础 ; 这一意志应以定期的和真正的选举予以表现 , 而选举应依据普遍和平等的投票权 , 并以不记名投票或相当的自由投票程序进行 。
Article 22
第二十二条
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.
每个人 , 作为社会的一员 , 有权享受社会保障 , 并有权享受他的个人尊严和人格的自由发展所必需的经济 、 社会和文化方面各种权利的实现 , 这种实现是通过国家努力和国际合作并依照各国的组织和资源情况 。
Article 23
第二十三条
1. Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
㈠ 人人有权工作 、 自由选择职业 、 享受公正和合适的工作条件并享受免于失业的保障 。
2. Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
㈡ 人人有同工同酬的权利 , 不受任何歧视 。
3. Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
㈢ 每一个工作的人 , 有权享受公正和合适的报酬 , 保证使他本人和家属有一个符合人的生活条件 , 必要时并辅以其他方式的社会保障 。
4. Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.
㈣ 人人有为维护其利益而组织和参加工会的权利 。
Article 24
第二十四条
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
人人有享有休息和闲暇的权利 , 包括工作时间有合理限制和定期给薪休假的权利 。
Article 25
第二十五条
1. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
㈠ 人人有权享受为维持他本人和家属的健康和福利所需的生活水准 , 包括食物 、 衣着 、 住房 、 医疗和必要的社会服务 ; 在遭到失业 、 疾病 、 残废 、 守寡 、 衰老或在其他不能控制的情况下丧失谋生能力时 , 有权享受保障 。
2. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.
㈡ 母亲和儿童有权享受特别照顾和协助 。 一切儿童 , 无论婚生或非婚生 , 都应享受同样的社会保护 。
Article 26
第二十六条
1. Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.
㈠ 人人都有受教育的权利 , 教育应当免费 , 至少在初级和基本阶段应如此 。 初级教育应属义务性质 。 技术和职业教育应普遍设立 。 高等教育应根据成绩而对一切人平等开放 。
2. Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
㈡ 教育的目的在于充分发展人的个性并加强对人权和基本自由的尊重 。 教育应促进各国 、 各种族或各宗教集团间的了解 、 容忍和友谊 , 并应促进联合国维护和平的各项活动 。
3. Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.
㈢ 父母对其子女所应受的教育的种类 , 有优先选择的权利 。
Article 27
第二十七条
1. Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.
㈠ 人人有权自由参加社会的文化生活 , 享受艺术 , 并分享科学进步及其产生的福利 。
2. Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.
㈡ 人人对由于他所创作的任何科学 、 文学或美术作品而产生的精神的和物质的利益 , 有享受保护的权利 。
Article 28
第二十八条
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
人人有权要求一种社会的和国际的秩序 , 在这种秩序中 , 本宣言所载的权利和自由能获得充分实现 。
Article 29
第二十九条
1. Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.
㈠ 人人对社会负有义务 , 因为只有在社会中他的个性才可能得到自由和充分的发展 。
2. In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.
㈡ 人人在行使他的权利和自由时 , 只受法律所确定的限制 , 确定此种限制的唯一目的在于保证对旁人的权利和自由给予应有的承认和尊重 , 并在一个民主的社会中适应道德 、 公共秩序和普遍福利的正当需要 。
3. These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
㈢ 这些权利和自由的行使 , 无论在任何情形下均不得违背联合国的宗旨和原则 。
Article 30
第三十条
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.
本宣言的任何条文 , 不得解释为默许任何国家 、 集团或个人有权进行任何旨在破坏本宣言所载的任何权利和自由的活动或行为 。